河龙水库溢洪道闸门冬季防冰冻措施的实施

阐述水库溢洪道闸门防冰冻的设备结构、安装和运行维护防法。延边河龙水库地处吉林省东部严寒地区,水库溢流坝闸门的冬季防冰冻措施尤为重要,该水库采用潜水泵直接射流方式,防止闸前冰冻,取得很好的效果。     

Impact of winter‐to‐spring environmental variability along the Kuroshio jet on the recruitment of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus)

Winter‐to‐spring variability in sea surface temperature (SST) and mixed layer depth (MLD) around the Kuroshio current system and its relationship to the survival rate (ln [recruit per spawning stock biomass], LNRPS) of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) were investigated based on a correlation analysis of data from 1980 to 1995. The data were from a high‐resolution ocean general circulation model using the ‘Kuroshio axis coordinates’, in which the meridional positions are relocated to a latitude relative to the Kuroshio axis at each longitude, rather than the geographically fixed coordinates. A significant positive (negative) correlation between LNRPS and winter MLD (winter–spring SST) was detected near the Kuroshio axis from areas south of Japan (where eggs are spawned) to the Kuroshio Extension (where larvae are transported). This result is in contrast to previous studies using geographically fixed coordinates, which showed a significant correlation predominantly in the area south of the Kuroshio Extension in winter, where at this time few larvae have been found. From the late 1980s to early 1990s, when the survival rate was remarkably low, MLD around the axis was shallow and SST was high. Although MLD and SST show a significant correlation, significant partial correlations were also observed between February MLD and LNRPS when the contribution of SST was excluded, and between March SST and LNRPS when the contribution of MLD was excluded. We presume that MLD shoaling reduced the nutrient supply from deep layers, resulting in less productivity in the spring, and SST warming could have a negative influence on larval growth.     

蔬菜穴盘育苗底部气吹式钵体松脱装置设计

针对蔬菜穴盘苗直接拔苗费力又损伤大的问题,设计了一种有助于穴盘苗移栽的气吹式钵体松脱装置。利用直线模组移位单元和双联气缸升降单元组合成输送系统,驱动气嘴排从穴盘底部的穴孔排水口逐排顶吹穴盘苗钵体,实现穴盘苗钵体与穴孔壁之间非机械接触式放松,利于移栽时人工轻松拔苗或机械快速夹取。对关键部件进行设计,使用排气孔直径为5mm的气嘴,能确保气体射流从128穴孔排水口有效顶吹穴盘苗钵体而不顶盘,根据亚声速自由气体射流动力学原理计算表明:当气嘴口空气射流压力大于0.098 MPa,不超过0.235 MPa时,所设计的气嘴能将穴盘苗吹松而不破坏苗钵根土结构。开展气力顶钵松脱多因素试验研究,结果表明气流喷射压力高度显著影响苗钵完整率,钵体含水率对完整率影响显著,其他苗龄、气流回路流量、气嘴头有无海绵密封等试验因素没有统计学显著性影响。当气嘴回路中气流喷射压力控制为0.2 MPa,钵体含水率为55%～60%,黄瓜苗龄为25 d,气流回路全开,气嘴没有海绵头铺垫时,对穴盘苗顶吹作用达到既能将穴盘苗钵体顶松脱离穴孔壁粘附,又最大程度保证钵体完整度的效果。开展验证性试验,苗钵气力松脱完整率达到96%以上,完成整盘苗放松约48s,满足实际需要。该研究可为开发省力的穴盘苗钵放松装置和边松脱边取苗的高效无损自动取苗机构提供参考。     

基于Fluent的清洗用扇形喷嘴 内部流场的可视化研究

利用CFD前置处理软件gambit建立扇形喷嘴内部流场的可视化模型,通过fluent软件求解扇形喷嘴高压水射流各节点速度.根据速度场分布云图,分析影响扇形喷嘴高压水射流速度的主要因素.结果表明:扇形喷嘴出口盲端长度和切槽相对偏移量对其内部流场影响较大,圆柱端长度和切槽半角对其内部流场影响较小,切槽半角主要决定射流的散射...     

基于Fluent的射流式增氧装置的数值模拟与试验研究

利用κ—ε双方程湍流模型对自行设计的射流式增氧机内部流场进行了模拟,得到了流场内部各个参数的分布图,揭示了混合管内部的流动状态,为射流式增氧机的参数优化和性能预测提供了可靠的手段。通过对射流器仿真数据的分析,得出混合管与喷嘴截面积比的最佳值为2．33,并通过增氧试验验证,证明仿真结果与试验结果相吻合。     

增氧机池塘增氧效果试验的研究

研究不同型式的增氧机性能,可使生产者根据不同养殖对象与模式针对溶氧的需求,选择配置合适的增氧方式。通过对使用最为广泛的叶轮式、水车式、射流式和曝气式增氧机产品性能的池塘实效试验,分析比较各类增氧机性能、工作特性和适用范围。结果表明,养殖水体溶解氧主要来自浮游植物的光合作用;叶轮式、水车式和射流式增氧机应用于服务水域,其增氧能力远远不能满足该水域养殖鱼类的氧需求,但可满足养殖鱼类的应急氧需求;曝气式增氧机因没有应急增氧作用和水体搅拌能力而不适合四大家鱼等常规鱼种的养殖需要。     

Mechanism analysis of permeability based on promoting coal matrix shrinkage by water jet

High pressure pulsed water jet (HPWJ) is a new technology of effectively improving coal seam permeability. However, the mechanism of increased permeability is not yet clear, which restricts the application of HPWJ in different coal seams. From the perspective of improving permeability by coal matrix shrinkage, the impelled dynamic equations is established based on analysis of coal dynamic effects by water jet. According to theoretical analysis of the stress state of coal matrix, it is concluded that HPWJ can promote coal matrix shrinkage, and the relationship equation between jet impact-coal matrix is derived. Besides, the gas seepage function in the coal slotted by the HPWJ is gained by using PM model, which provides theoretical support for generalizing the technology in the coal mine.     

超高压水射流对微生物的杀灭效果研究

[目的]研究超高压水射流对微生物的杀灭效果。[方法]利用培养基培养法对微生物进行培养,使用超高压水射流设备对微生物进行灭菌处理,利用平板计数法测定微生物在压力处理前后的数量变化情况。[结果]压力之间存在极显著性差异,压力越高,致死率越高;温度在杀灭效果上也具有明显的协同作用。[结论]超高压水射流对微生物具有良好的杀灭效果。     

2008年6月汕头一次特大暴雨天气成因分析

利用常规资料、ncep 2.5°×2.5°6 h再分析资料和卫星云图资料对2008年6月13日～14日汕头地区一次特大暴雨天气过程成因进行了综合分析。结果表明:高低层环流配置为暴雨提供了有利的大尺度环流条件;高低空急流的相互作用是此次暴雨产生的重要原因;中尺度对流云团是此次特大暴雨的直接影响系统;低空急流为暴雨的发生发展提供充沛的水汽和不稳定能量;高低空正负涡度柱和正负散度柱的耦合是产生暴雨的动力机制。     

两次春季暴雨过程的对比分析

对山东2003年4月17-18日（以下简称4·17）和2008年4月20～21日（以下简称4·20）两次春季暴雨进行对比分析。环流形势对比分析表明,两次降水过程中500hPa具有相似的环流背景,但850hPa和地面具有不同的环流形势,低空急流的类型和切变线的位置不同以及地面是否形成气旋与这两次降水量级是密切相关;物理量参数对比分析表明,4·17过程中各种物理量级别较4·20偏大偏强;雷达回波对比分析表明,4·17降水过程表现为积云层状云混合降水回波,并出现了逆风区,降水中伴有雷暴,而4·20降水过程表现为层状云降水回波,以稳定性降水为主。